| Historic Name: |
Seward Park Fish Hatchery House & Garage |
Common Name: |
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| Style: |
Arts & Crafts - Rustic, Other |
Neighborhood: |
Seward Park |
| Built By: |
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Year Built: |
1937 |
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| Significance |
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In the opinion of the survey, this property appears to meet the criteria of the National Register of Historic Places. |
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In the opinion of the survey, this property appears to meet the criteria of the Seattle Landmarks Preservation Ordinance. |
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The Works Progress Administration (WPA) constructed this architecturally distinctive house in 1936-37, as one of two residences for the fish hatchery at Seward Park. An adjacent garage was also built at the same time. Originally, the peninsula was known as Graham Peninsula after Walter Graham purchased it in 1863. In 1890, the real estate developer William E. Bailey purchased the land from a subsequent owner, and it became known as Bailey Peninsula. In the early 1890s, Edward O. Schwagerl, the Superintendent of Public Parks, proposed selling Volunteer Park, then known as City Park, to fund the purchase of the Bailey Peninsula for a new "Southeast Park." However, this plan was not realized partly due to the fact that the peninsula was considered to be even further out in the wilderness than Volunteer Park and fairly inaccessible. In 1903, the city hired the Olmsted Brothers landscape firm to prepare plans for a comprehensive park and boulevard system, including suggestions for improvements to existing parks. This move was largely brought on by the public interest generated for the planned Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition and through the purchase of Woodland Park and the acquisition of Washington Park, two large tracts of mostly undeveloped land.
The first proposal on the list of the Olmsted Brothers was a recommendation to acquire the still heavily wooded Bailey Peninsula before it was developed. At the time, the peninsula was located outside the southern city limits situated well to the north at South Hanford Street. A new boulevard on the western shore of Lake Washington could connect the proposed park with the southern boundary of the city. In 1908, the Olmsted Brothers supplemented their original plan with an additional report, which included the large areas annexed by the city the previous year, including this area of the Rainier Valley. The Baileys withheld development of the peninsula in anticipation of selling it to the city. However, condemnation proceedings became necessary after the two parties could not agree on a fair price. In 1911, the city paid $322,000 for the peninsula with funds from the 1910 bond issue and named the new park after William H. Seward, who had acquired Alaska for the United States in 1867. The city also hired the Olmsted Brothers to prepare landscape plans for the new park. Seward Park was one of 37 individual parks and playgrounds for which the Olmsted Brother prepared detailed landscape plans between 1904 and 1930.
As envisioned by the Olmsted Brothers, Seward Park would be designed as a water and forest oriented park with piers for boats to dock. Four miles of drives along the bluffs above the shoreline would provide scenic views of lake and mountains, however the focus of development would be on access from the water. Twelve miles of winding paths would connect various amenities, which would be clustered at the northern end for the convenience of boaters. These included picnic groves, summer houses, a dancing pavilion, bathing beaches and bathhouses, piers, and children’s play equipment. At the time, the peninsula was almost an island with only a narrow neck of land connecting it to the mainland. The Olmsted Brothers proposed construction of a land bridge to better connect the peninsula with the new lakeshore boulevard, already under development. The first improvements were made in 1913 when a path system was established through the forest. However, the lowering of Lake Washington in 1916 due to the construction of the Ship Canal changed the focus of development from the northern to the southern end as vehicular access from the mainland improved. The drained marshes at the formerly narrow neck were also filled to create a broad meadow at the park entrance.
By 1919, boaters could dock at newly built piers and enjoy picnics, hiking trails, and a children’s play area. Over the next ten years, a number of additional improvements were made, including construction of picnic and stove shelters, comfort stations, a privately operated boat pavilion, and a concession stand. These wood frame structures were constructed as temporary amenities until more permanent improvements could be built. In 1927, the Seward Park Inn, a Tudor Revival refreshment building, was constructed on the circular drive at the entrance, and the beach area at the northern end of the meadow was developed, including the completion of the first phase of a masonry bathhouse. In 1930, the Parks Department began to develop a drive along the entire shoreline of the peninsula in response to public demand. Two years later, two identical brick comfort stations were constructed along the drive at the northern and southern ends of the peninsula. However, the construction of additional improvements largely came to an end until the later 1940s with the exception of those projects completed by state and federal unemployment relief agencies, such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
In June of 1934, a suggestion to turn Lake Washington into a "Fisherman’s Paradise" began negotiations towards the establishment of ten fish rearing ponds in Seward Park. These negotiations resulted in an agreement between the Parks Department, the Outdoor Sports Council and the Washington Emergency Relief Administration (WERA) to provide the labor and funding for the project. Once the project was completed, the State Game Department would provide salmon fingerlings from their hatcheries. The Civil Works Administration (CWA) and the Washington Emergency Relief Administration (WERA) began construction of the ten fish rearing ponds in 1934, however the WERA completed the work in 1935 when the CWA was disbanded. The same year, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) prepared plans for ten additional ponds as well as the necessary residences and support facilities. However, construction did not begin until 1936 and was not completed until 1937. This one-story wood frame and stone dwelling and adjacent garage exhibit stylistic features typical of Minimal Traditional residential architecture from the 1930s. However, the massive stonework on the north and east elevations as well as the massive stone chimney at the center further distinguishes the residence. This type of craftsmanship is a hallmark of WPA construction. The Camp Long Office/Clubhouse is the only other Seattle area project, which features this high level of craftsmanship.
Established in November 1933 to provide relief work for unemployed persons through public work projects, the CWA functioned simultaneously with the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and to some extent with the same personnel. In March 1934, the CWA was liquidated, and its functions and records were transferred to the Emergency Relief Program of FERA. In 1935, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) consolidated and superseded several earlier programs, including the CWA and the FERA. The WERA was a relief agency operated by the Washington State government from 1933-37. In addition to creating work for the unemployed, WERA also provided other public welfare assistance, including aid to the aged, the homeless, and the impoverished. The Works Progress Administration completed the ten additional fish rearing ponds, two caretakers’ houses, a pump house, a garage, and a feed house by 1937. The WPA also landscaped the area and constructed roads and paths throughout the hatchery site. Under the management of several agencies, the fish hatchery remained in operation until the mid-1990s. This architecturally distinctive house and its adjacent garage are significant for their design and for their associations with the Works Progress Administration and with the development of Seward Park.
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| Appearance |
| Completed in 1937, this one-story single family dwelling occupies a site along the southern margin of the Seward Park Fish Hatchery. The basic Minimal Traditional design has been embellished with distinctive WPA/Rustic stylistic features, including a stone masonry entrance porch and a massive stone masonry chimney as well as stone masonry cladding on the north and east elevations. The mostly wood frame structure has a prominent cross gable roof over the L-plan main block and a side gable wing at the southern end of the east elevation, which create an irregular footprint. Overall, the main block measures 27 feet by 26 feet, and the wing measures 5 feet by 13 feet. The gable front eastern half of the structure has a lower side gable wing extending from the west elevation. The side gable wing has a longer rear southern slope, giving the building a modified saltbox form.
On the principal north elevation, the gabled eastern half projects two feet beyond the side gable western half. Wide cedar siding covers the gable end above the first story walls of uncut rubble stone masonry. A large recessed opening at the center of the stone wall contains two pairs of tall narrow multi-paned casement windows. On the western half of the north elevation, a recessed opening contains the main entrance on the inner east wall and opens onto a stone porch with concrete stairs. A small multi-paned window is centered within the wall adjacent to the recessed opening. The uncut rubble stone masonry exterior continues across the east elevation of the main block and wraps the lower walls of the southern end wing above the poured concrete foundation. The same wide cedar siding covers the upper walls of the wing. Each portion contains a single large opening with a pair of multi-paned casement windows. The west elevation has two pairs of tall narrow multi-paned casement windows at either end.
The wide cross gable dominates the relatively plain rear south elevation. The only openings on this elevation are a door near the eastern end and two window openings at the first story level below the gable end. A corrugated plastic roof covers the recessed entrance. The smaller opening on the west contains a single multi-paned casement window, while the slightly larger opening on the east contains a pair of the same window. The stone chimney straddles the higher cross gable and rests on the ridge of the side gable. Located to the west of the house, a decrapitated garage features the same wide cedar siding, a gable front roof, multi-paned windows on the north and south elevations, and a double door vehicular entrance on the west elevation. Although the paint is peeling on the exterior and there is some deterioration of the wood, this architecturally distinctive residence retains excellent physical integrity. |
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